Unlike previous Bitcoin halving events, the fourth halving saw a distinct change. While miners now receive reduced block subsidy rewards from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC, they still earn additional rewards from transaction fees per block.
Historically, Bitcoin's hash rate dropped after halving due to insufficient transaction fee rewards. However, this time, the hash rate remained close to all-time highs, increasing from 630 EH/s to 640 EH/s post-halving, driven by higher transaction fee rewards.
Despite the hash rate resilience, Bitcoin's price has struggled to surpass $70k. On-chain data from The Block indicates a decline in Bitcoin's hash rate since May 26th, posing potential risks to the network and miners' profitability.
Glassnode's miners' revenue block data confirms a significant drop in miners' revenue to 384.375 BTC from 525 BTC on May 26th. However, some view this situation positively, suggesting that miners typically engage when the price is rising and substantial enough to support operations.
Bitcoin mining difficulty data reflects the challenge of finding the correct hash for each block, although it doesn't directly impact the mined BTC price. Thus, BTC prices are crucial for miners' profitability.
Aside from block rewards, miners can earn through Maximum Extractable Value (MEV), utilizing strategies like frontrunning and sandwich attacks. Recognizing the risks, ESMA plans to restrict MEV utilized by miners and validators, potentially considering it as market abuse. The proposal, currently in draft stage, allows stakeholders to comment until the end of June, with potential global implications for validators and miners if approved.
June 2024, Cryptoniteuae